Medications for type 1 diabetics:
Any child with type one diabetes needs life-long insulin treatment. This is because your pancreas is producing very little insulin (Mayo Clinic, 2015). Types of insulin are rapid acting insulin (NovoLog), intermediate acting insulin (Human insulin [NPH]), and long acting insulin (Levemir) (Mayo Clinic, n.d.).
Your doctor will work with you regarding what type of insulin you should take, which insulin is best to control your diabetes, how long the insulin will take to start taking effect, and its’ role in managing your blood sugar (WebMD, 2015). This will vary based on your body’s response to insulin (WebMD, 2015).
How to properly inject insulin:
Remember before you give yourself insulin, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water and gather all needed supplies which should include a syringe, insulin bottle, and blood sugar machine (WebMD, n.d.) Here is a short YouTube video on how to inject insulin. Also, you doctor or nurse will demonstrate for you and your parents on how to properly inject insulin.
Video:
Medications for type 2 diabetics:
The best management for type 2 diabetes is: (a) healthy eating; (b) exercise, and (c) regularly checking your blood sugar (Mayo Clinic, 2015). In some cases your doctor may require you to take oral anti-hyperglycemic medications (diabetes pills). Some of these pills include Metformin (Glucophage) and Glipizide (Glucotrol) (Mayo Clinic, 2015). If you are prescribed these medications, take them as ordered by your doctor.
In some cases, type 2 diabetics will be required to take insulin injections (Kellow & Khalil, 2013). However, if you control your type 2 diabetes with regular exercise, a healthy well balanced diet, and take your diabetic pills, then the odds are you will not have to take insulin (American Diabetes Association, n.d.).
Medications if you have hypoglycemia: (low blood sugar):
Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia vary from person to person. People with diabetes should get to know their signs and symptoms and describe them to their friends and family so they can help if needed.
If you check your blood sugar or if you are experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia (sweating, chills, fast heart beat, or nervousness) the U.S Department of Health and Human Services (2012) recommends you take 3-4 glucose tablets, one serving of glucose gel, ½ cup of fruit juice, 1 cup of milk, 5-6 pieces of hard candy, one table spoon of sugar or honey, or medications such as Glucagon.
Recommendations:
One of the challenges in achieving good blood sugar control is medication compliance (Tilu Pihau-Tulo, Parsons, & Hughes, 2014). Non-compliance with your medications can cause serious side effects and illness. Please take your diabetic medications according to your doctor’s recommendations.
References
American Diabetes Association (2014). Insulin routines. Retrieved from
http://www.diabetes.org/research-and-practice/student-resources/how-to-reference-our-site.html
Google
Clip Art (2007). [Jpeg]. Diabetes girl
shot. Retrieved from https://kirstyne.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/diabetes-girl-shot-rgb.jpg
Joslin
Diabetes Center (n.d.). Stay healthy with
diabetes: Oral diabetes medications summary chart. Retrieved March 1, 2015 from http://www.joslin.org/info/oral_diabetes_medications_summary_chart.html
Kellow,
N., & Khalil, H. (2013). A review of the pharmacological management of type
2 diabetes in a rural Australian primary care cohort. International Journal
of Pharmacy Practice, 21(5), 297-304.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12025
Mayo
Clinic (n.d.). Type 1 diabetes in children. Retrieved March 1, 2015 from
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-1-diabetes-in-children/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20029197
New
York City Health and Hospitals Corporation. (2010, September, 8). How to inject insulin. [Video file].
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxPyTBDX7d0
Tilu
Pihau-Tulo, S., Parsons, R. W., & Hughes, J. D. (2014). An evaluation of
patients adherence with hypoglycemic medications among Papua New Guineans with
type 2 diabetes: Influencing factors. Patient Preference & Adherence,
8(3), 1229-1237. http://dx.doi:10.2147/PPA.S66655
U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services (2012). National Diabetes Information
Clearinghouse. Washington, DC. Retrieved from http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/hypoglycemia/#treatment
WebMD (2015). Types of insulin for diabetic treatment. Retrieved from
http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/diabetes-types-insulin#1
WebMD (n.d.). Giving yourself an insulin shot
for diabetes. Retrieved from
http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/give-yourself-insulin-shot
Hello Ray,
ReplyDeleteGood choice of topic for your blog. Prevention with education to develop good early habits is the key to prevent the astronomical numbers of patients who suffer from diabetes mellitus type II. The National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2014 states that 29.1 million people or 9.3 % of the United States national population have diabetes, from that 8.1 million are undiagnosed. It is alarming that they also state that 5,089 people younger than 20 years of age are diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus per year. As you mentioned in your article, this is a preventable condition with diet, exercise. This like many other conditions affect the underserved populations of the United States and the cost to the country is enormous. The complication of diabetes type II are costly and the patient suffers from life changing disfigurement on the physical and emotional aspect. The National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2014 indicates that $ 254 billion were spend in 2012 on the care of diabetes. It is a good and valuable idea to concentrate efforts on the young for the well-being of their adulthood.
Reference
National Diabetes Statistics Report,
2014. Estimates of Diabetes and Its Burden in the United States. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/statsreport14/national-diabetes-report-web.pdf
Hello Neydi. Thank you for participating in my blog. Besides risk factors such as being overweight, unhealthy eating, family history, and lack of exercise according to Copeland, Becker, Gottschalk, and Hale (2005) non-compliance with medication regime is a risk factor itself for diabetes and its complications. With children and adolescents, parents have an important role in diabetes prevention and control. Parent’s role in health promotion has been a common theme this quarter whether the discussion is diabetes, oral health, or vaccine-preventable diseases.
DeleteReferences
Copeland, K. C., Becker, D., Gottschalk, M., & Hale, D. (2005). Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents: Risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Clinical Diabetes. 23(4), 181-185. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diaclin.23.4.181
Greetings Ray,
ReplyDeleteYour blog looks great!
You identify, as with many chronic diseases; medication and treatment adherence are key in managing diabetes. Snoek and Skinner (2005) discuss Kovacs et al. (1989) longitudinal study that followed children shortly after diabetes’ diagnoses for six years. As the years progressed, children reported disease management became more difficult and mothers reported less stress (Snoek & Skinner, 2005). Snoek and Skinner (2005) suggest that as children age, they assume increased responsibility for their care and mothers' responsibilities decrease.
Kovacs et al. (1989) also investigated non-adherence and found 50 % of children with diabetes risk endangering their well-being as a result of non-compliance (Snoek & Skinner, 2005). Increased self-esteem, adjustment, and social ability predicted treatment adherence (Snoek & Skinner, 2005). Gross (2010) investigated diabetic management non-adherence in children and introduced self-management skills in the form of reinforcement, negotiation, and contracting. The children negotiated a contract with their parents to earn positive reinforcements in exchange for treatment adherence (Gross, 2010). Gross's (2010) sample was small (four diabetic boys); however, he found reinforcements effective in improving medication and treatment compliance.
Snoek and Skinner (2005) identify three elements for health care providers to consider regarding compliance: non-adherence is worse at the time of diagnosis and the second year, compliance patterns are established within two to four years post diagnosis, and family function and acceptance play an important role.
References
Gross, A. M. (2010, October 13). Self-management training and medication compliance in children with diabetes. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 4(2-3), 47-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J019v04n02_04
Snoek, F. J., & Skinner, T. C. (Eds.). (2005). Psychology of diabetes care: Diabetes in children part 7 (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Colleen, thank you for your participation. It is interesting that you noted that self-management skills and positive reinforcement helped in improving medication compliance. Self-management is a switch from the narrow focus of disease management to the broader focus of disease prevention and early treatment. According to Buchanan (2007) in diabetes prevention trials, lifestyle modification and self-management skills were noted as an important approach to either delaying or preventing diabetes. A theme for this blog could have been self-management and positive reinforcement for diabetes.
DeleteReferences
Buchanan, T. A. (2007). How can we prevent type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, 56(6), 1502-1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db07.0140